Pythian Group

Today at Kaleidoscope I will be doing a 90-minute session comparing MySQL’s SQL syntax to the ANSI/ISO SQL:2003 standard, entitled What Do You Mean, “SQL Syntax Error”?

You can download the PDF slides now.
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MySQL does not follow the ANSI SQL standard for quoting. MySQL’s default quoting behavior is that either single or double quotes can be used to quote a string (this gets me into trouble when I work with Oracle databases, as double quotes do not indicate a string!).

mysql> SELECT 'alive';
+-------+
| alive |
+-------+
| alive |
+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT "alive";
+-------+
| alive |
+-------+
| alive |
+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Bare words are dealt with in context; in this case, a bare word would be parsed as a column name:

mysql> SELECT alive;
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'alive' in 'field list'

Backquotes are the way MySQL escapes table names. So, if you want a reserved word, number or operator to be the name of an object (ie, a table named “1″ or a column named “date”) you need to use backquotes to avoid a syntax error….for example:
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The other day, a client mentioned they were getting strange results when running ALTER TABLE. The episode involved modifying an existing primary key to add an auto_increment primary key: it was “shifting” values. Say what?!

As it turns out, it was a very special value getting changed: zero. Some fiddling revealed the underlying reason. Care to join me?

To understand what’s going on, follow the example below as we start with an empty database, create a table and insert a few rows:

mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table test_table (id int not null primary key) engine=innodb;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> desc test_table;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11) | NO   | PRI |         |       |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test_table (id) values (1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test_table (id) values (2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test_table (id) values (0);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test_table;
+----+
| id |
+----+
|  0 |
|  1 |
|  2 |
+----+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

Now let’s change our PK and make it auto_increment Read the rest of this entry . . .