Share this
Token-Based Authentication for ADB with IAM: Part 1
by Aishwarya Kala on Jun 3, 2022 12:00:00 AM
Oracle has introduced an authentication mechanism that enables Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) users to use their Identity and Access Management (IAM) credentials to access the Autonomous Databases (ADB) transparently.
Earlier, IAM credentials could be used to access many OCI services. Still, a separate set of database credentials or other native authentication mechanisms had to be used to access the database. This integration of OCI IAM with ADB is something to be excited about. It won’t only improve security and increase operational efficiencies through centralized account management and help with quicker and streamlined development of applications.
Let’s take a look at how this can be accomplished.
There are two ways to connect to the ADB instance via IAM Credentials; the first, by using the IAM database password verifier and the second, with the IAM token. This post will focus on IAM token-based authentication.
Overview
As seen in the publicly-available Oracle Database 19c Security Guide, to connect using this method, a Client needs a db-token it can send to ADB Instance. The db-token will be used to authenticate and authorize the connection.
Fetching the db-token
Once a client has been authenticated using its credentials (API-key, security token, delegation token, instance principal, and resource principal can be used with OCI SDK), a call to IAM is made to request a db-token. If the client doesn’t support db-token based authentication, it can use the OCI CLI as a helper tool to facilitate this.
Verification using the db-token
This db-token is then signed and sent to the ADB for verification. The ADB instance will use the IAM public key to validate the db-token it has received. Once the authentication has been completed, ADB will get the groups of the IAM user and use them for mapping the users to the global schema and subsequently authorize the access.
However, more interestingly, we can see that fetching a db-token is not restricted to an IAM user only. OCI applications or functions can also request for db-token based on their resource (or instance) principal. Once they obtain this, the application can forward the db-token to ADB through the database client API and complete the authorization process.
This thus eliminates the need to create separate “service accounts” or an IAM user for an application to be able to connect to ADB. As long as the Instance or Resource principal is a member of an IAM dynamic group used in an IAM policy and is mapped to a database shared schema, they can be used to fetch a db-token and connect to the Autonomous Database.
Let’s take a look at the steps we need to go through to accomplish this.
Pre-requisites
For our test, we would need the following setup in place.
- An ADB DB
- OCI Cli setup, you can refer to Jared Still’s post on Installing oci cli in linux and windows.
- Download and configure the latest SQL*Plus and Instant Client on Linux
Supported Versions – SQL*Plus and Instant Client on Linux versions 19.13 or later, and Instant Client on Linux versions 21.4 or later.
curl https://download.oracle.com/otn_software/linux/instantclient/216000/instantclient-basic-linux.x64-21.6.0.0.0dbru.zip --output instantclient-basic-linux.x64-21.6.0.0.0dbru.zip curl https://download.oracle.com/otn_software/linux/instantclient/216000/instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-21.6.0.0.0dbru.zip --output instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-21.6.0.0.0dbru.zip unzip instantclient-basic-linux.x64-21.6.0.0.0dbru.zip unzip instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-21.6.0.0.0dbru.zip
- Test connectivity to your ADB
Download the ADB wallet and update the wallet_location parameter in your sqlnet.ora to point to the wallet location and test your connectivity
# sqlnet.ora WALLET_LOCATION = (SOURCE = (METHOD = file) (METHOD_DATA = (DIRECTORY="/root/.oci/instantclient_21_6"))) SSL_SERVER_DN_MATCH=yes # Set env variables root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/root/.oci/instantclient_21_6 root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# export PATH="$PATH":/root/.oci/instantclient_21_6 root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# export TNS_ADMIN=/root/.oci/instantclient_21_6 # Test connectivity root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# sqlplus admin@dblab01_high SQL*Plus: Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed May 4 11:50:21 2022 Version 21.6.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2022, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter password: Last Successful login time: Tue May 03 2022 21:56:40 +05:30 Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production Version 19.15.0.1.0 SQL> SQL> set lines 100 col value for a10 SELECT NAME, VALUE FROM V$PARAMETER WHERE NAME='identity_provider_type'; NAME VALUE ---------------------- ----- identity_provider_type NONE
Now that we have verified that our connectivity to the ADB is working fine let’s configure our autonomous database. You can test this using an Always Free OCI Account. Also, we will be using the oci-cli to configure users, groups, and policies. This can also be done via the console.
Preparing our ADB
Enable External authentication. The External Authentication using DB Token should be enabled for the Autonomous Database. It is worth noting that only a single type of external authentication scheme can be used at a time. For ADB-Dedicated, this is enabled by default. You can use force=>TRUE to override & set OCI_IAM as the identity provider. Please note there can only be one external authentication scheme enabled at any given time.
SQL> exec DBMS_CLOUD_ADMIN.ENABLE_EXTERNAL_AUTHENTICATION(type => 'OCI_IAM',force => TRUE ); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SELECT NAME, VALUE FROM V$PARAMETER WHERE NAME='identity_provider_type'; NAME VALUE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- identity_provider_type OCI_IAM
Set up IAM Group & Policy to allow the use of db-token
We will create a user called “akala”, and an IAM Group called “CONNECT_ONLY” and add the user to this group. We will later make a policy for this group such that anyone that belongs to this group has the privileges required to connect to the ADB Instance. This can be equivalent to the CONNECT Role in an Oracle database.
root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# oci iam user create --name akala --description "test user" { "data": { ..... } root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# oci iam group create --name CONNECT_ONLY --description "IAM Group to allow access ADB Database" { "data": { .... } ## Replace your username & group name root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# export user_ocid=$(oci iam user list --name akala | jq -r '.data[0]."id"') root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# export group_ocid=$(oci iam group list --name CONNECT_ONLY | jq -r '.data[0]."id"') ## Add the user to the desired group root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# oci iam group add-user --user-id "$user_ocid" --group-id "$group_ocid" { "data": { ..... "inactive-status": null, "lifecycle-state": "ACTIVE", ..... }
Create a policy to allow access for anyone belonging to the group “CONNECT_ONLY” to ADB:
root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# export compartment_id=$(oci iam user list --all | jq -r '.data[0]."compartment-id"') root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# export description="Policy to allow the group CONNECT_ONLY to access database" root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# export name=DBLab_Users_To_ADB root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# oci iam policy create --compartment-id $compartment_id --name $name --description "$description" --statements '["allow group CONNECT_ONLY to use autonomous-database-family in tenancy"]' { "data": { ....... }
Mapping ADB Users, Groups to the IAM Users and Instance/Resource Principals
Now that we have our connect privileges in place, it is time to look at DB privileges. There are multiple ways in which an IAM account can be mapped to a database account. Let’s take a look at all of these in detail.
- IAM Users with exclusive schemas
- IAM Groups with shared schemas
- IAM Groups with global roles
- Instance Principal/Resource Principal through shared mapping.
1. IAM Users with exclusive schemas
First, let us configure an IAM user by mapping it directly to an exclusive schema.
Creating the Exclusive Schema on the database
For this example, we will map the IAM user akala directly with a db schema called AISHWARYA_KALA, and then use the db-token based authentication to establish a connection to the database. So, we create the schema in the database and grant it a few privileges.
SQL> CREATE USER aishwarya_kala IDENTIFIED GLOBALLY AS 'IAM_PRINCIPAL_NAME=akala'; User created. SQL> grant read on scott.emp to aishwarya_kala; Grant succeeded. SQL> grant connect to aishwarya_kala; Grant succeeded.
Establishing connection using DB-TOKEN
Before establishing a connection, you will need to add the clause TOKEN_AUTH=OCI_TOKEN
to your connection string. This allows db-token based authentication. In the below example, the keyword has been appended to the tns alias dblab01_low in tnsnames.ora
root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# grep -i token tnsnames.ora dblab01_low = (description= (retry_count=20)(retry_delay=3)(address=(protocol=tcps)(port=1522)(host=****.ap-mumbai-1.oraclecloud.com))(connect_data=(service_name=*******_dblab01_low.adb.oraclecloud.com))(security=(ssl_server_cert_dn="CN=adb.ap-mumbai-1.oraclecloud.com, OU=Oracle ADB INDIA, O=Oracle Corporation, L=Redwood City, ST=California, C=US")(TOKEN_AUTH=OCI_TOKEN)))
Fetch the db-token & establish a connection to the database. This db-token will remain valid for an hour & oci-cli will fetch the token and store it at ~/.oci/token by default.
You can store the db-token at a custom location using the command oci iam db-token get --db-token-location
If using a custom location, you would need to specify the path explicitly n the TNS Alias description using the parameter TOKEN_LOCATION in tnsnames.ora:
root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# oci iam db-token get Private key written at /root/.oci/db-token/oci_db_key.pem db-token written at: /root/.oci/db-token/token db-token is valid until 2022-05-08 14:17:20 root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# sqlplus /@dblab01_low SQL*Plus: Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun May 8 13:09:28 2022 Version 21.6.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2022, Oracle. All rights reserved. Last Successful login time: Sun May 08 2022 13:08:42 +05:30 Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production Version 19.15.0.1.0 SQL> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','IDENTIFICATION_TYPE') FROM DUAL; SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','IDENTIFICATION_TYPE') -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GLOBAL EXCLUSIVE SQL> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','AUTHENTICATION_METHOD') FROM DUAL; SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','AUTHENTICATION_METHOD') -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOKEN_GLOBAL SQL> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CURRENT_USER') FROM DUAL; SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CURRENT_USER') -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AISHWARYA_KALA SQL> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','AUTHENTICATED_IDENTITY') FROM DUAL; SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','AUTHENTICATED_IDENTITY') -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- akala SQL> select * from scott.emp; NAME EMP_ID -------------------- ---------- John 25 Deepak 26 Paul 50 Ravi 90
2. IAM Groups with Shared Schemas
In this scenario, instead of creating an exclusive schema for each user, we can create a common schema, e.g. “SHARED_SCHEMA”, & map it to the CONNECT_ONLY IAM Role. Once this has been set up, any IAM user with the group CONNECT_ONLY assigned will have the privileges to connect to the database. We can, in turn, grant the required roles to our common schema. Hence this eliminates the need to set up a dedicated database account for all employees that need privileges to generate the report.
Creating the Shared Schema on the database
SQL> CREATE USER SHARED_SCHEMA IDENTIFIED GLOBALLY AS 'IAM_GROUP_NAME=CONNECT_ONLY'; User created. SQL> grant connect to SHARED_SCHEMA; Grant succeeded.
- Please note that there is no exclusive schema (e.g. AISHWARYA_KALA that was created in the previous use case) associated with the user (akala) in the database. If so, please drop the database user before proceeding further with this scenario.
DROP USER AISHWARYA_KALA ;
- If we enable mapping with both shared groups & exclusive schemas for an IAM user, the GLOBAL EXCLUSIVE identification type takes precedence over GLOBAL SHARED.
Creating the IAM Group and granting it the required privileges
## Check if the IAM user akala (for which oci-cli is configuired) is in IAM Group CONNECT_ONLY root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# export user_ocid=$(oci iam user list --name akala | jq -r '.data[0]."id"') root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# oci iam user list-groups --user-id $user_ocid | jq -r '.data[]."name"' CONNECT_ONLY Administrators ## Check if the policy to allow access to ADB For the group is in place. root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# export compartment_id=$(oci iam user list --all | jq -r '.data[0]."compartment-id"') root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# oci iam policy list --compartment-id $compartment_id | jq -r '.data[]."statements"'| grep -i CONNECT_ONLY "allow group CONNECT_ONLY to use autonomous-database-family in tenancy"
Get DB Token and establish a connection
As we see, we haven’t granted any privileges to the SHARED_SCHEMA. Hence the user is unable to query the tables:
root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# oci iam db-token get Private key written at /root/.oci/db-token/oci_db_key.pem db-token written at: /root/.oci/db-token/token db-token is valid until 2022-05-08 16:40:45 root@kala:~/.oci/instantclient_21_6# sqlplus /@dblab01_low SQL*Plus: Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun May 8 15:40:58 2022Version 21.6.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2022, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production Version 19.15.0.1.0 SQL> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','IDENTIFICATION_TYPE') FROM DUAL; SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','IDENTIFICATION_TYPE') -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GLOBAL SHARED SQL> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','AUTHENTICATION_METHOD') FROM DUAL; SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','AUTHENTICATION_METHOD') -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOKEN_GLOBAL SQL> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CURRENT_USER') FROM DUAL; SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CURRENT_USER') -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SHARED_SCHEMA SQL> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','AUTHENTICATED_IDENTITY') FROM DUAL; SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','AUTHENTICATED_IDENTITY') -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- akala SQL> SELECT * FROM SESSION_ROLES; ROLE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONNECT SQL> select count(*) from scott.emp; select count(*) from scott.emp * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
We’ll look at how to map IAM Groups with global roles in Part 2 of this blog. In the meantime, make sure to to sign up for updates so you don’t miss it.
Share this
- Technical Track (967)
- Oracle (400)
- MySQL (137)
- Cloud (128)
- Open Source (90)
- Google Cloud (81)
- DBA Lounge (76)
- Microsoft SQL Server (76)
- Technical Blog (74)
- Big Data (52)
- AWS (49)
- Google Cloud Platform (46)
- Cassandra (44)
- DevOps (41)
- Azure (38)
- Pythian (33)
- Linux (30)
- Database (26)
- Podcasts (25)
- Site Reliability Engineering (25)
- Performance (24)
- SQL Server (24)
- Microsoft Azure (23)
- Oracle E-Business Suite (23)
- PostgreSQL (23)
- Oracle Database (22)
- Docker (21)
- Group Blog Posts (20)
- Security (20)
- DBA (19)
- Log Buffer (19)
- SQL (19)
- Exadata (18)
- Mongodb (18)
- Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) (18)
- Oracle Exadata (18)
- Automation (17)
- Hadoop (16)
- Oracleebs (16)
- Amazon RDS (15)
- Ansible (15)
- Ebs (15)
- Snowflake (15)
- ASM (13)
- BigQuery (13)
- Patching (13)
- RDS (13)
- Replication (13)
- Advanced Analytics (12)
- Data (12)
- GenAI (12)
- Kubernetes (12)
- Oracle 12C (12)
- Backup (11)
- LLM (11)
- Machine Learning (11)
- OCI (11)
- Rman (11)
- Cloud Migration (10)
- Datascape Podcast (10)
- Monitoring (10)
- R12 (10)
- 12C (9)
- AI (9)
- Apache Cassandra (9)
- Data Guard (9)
- Infrastructure (9)
- Oracle 19C (9)
- Oracle Applications (9)
- Python (9)
- Series (9)
- AWR (8)
- Amazon Web Services (AWS) (8)
- Articles (8)
- High Availability (8)
- Oracle EBS (8)
- Percona (8)
- Powershell (8)
- Recovery (8)
- Weblogic (8)
- Apache Beam (7)
- Backups (7)
- Data Governance (7)
- Goldengate (7)
- Innodb (7)
- Migration (7)
- Myrocks (7)
- OEM (7)
- Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM) (7)
- Performance Tuning (7)
- Authentication (6)
- ChatGPT-4 (6)
- Data Enablement (6)
- Data Visualization (6)
- Database Performance (6)
- E-Business Suite (6)
- Fmw (6)
- Grafana (6)
- Oracle Enterprise Manager (6)
- Orchestrator (6)
- Postgres (6)
- Rac (6)
- Renew Refresh Republish (6)
- RocksDB (6)
- Serverless (6)
- Upgrade (6)
- 19C (5)
- Azure Data Factory (5)
- Azure Synapse Analytics (5)
- Cpu (5)
- Disaster Recovery (5)
- Error (5)
- Generative AI (5)
- Google BigQuery (5)
- Indexes (5)
- Love Letters To Data (5)
- Mariadb (5)
- Microsoft (5)
- Proxysql (5)
- Scala (5)
- Sql Server Administration (5)
- VMware (5)
- Windows (5)
- Xtrabackup (5)
- Airflow (4)
- Analytics (4)
- Apex (4)
- Best Practices (4)
- Centrally Managed Users (4)
- Cli (4)
- Cloud Spanner (4)
- Cockroachdb (4)
- Configuration Management (4)
- Container (4)
- Data Management (4)
- Data Pipeline (4)
- Data Security (4)
- Data Strategy (4)
- Database Administrator (4)
- Database Management (4)
- Database Migration (4)
- Dataflow (4)
- Dbsat (4)
- Elasticsearch (4)
- Fahd Mirza (4)
- Fusion Middleware (4)
- Google (4)
- Io (4)
- Java (4)
- Kafka (4)
- Middleware (4)
- Mysql 8 (4)
- Network (4)
- Ocidtab (4)
- Opatch (4)
- Oracle Autonomous Database (Adb) (4)
- Oracle Cloud (4)
- Pitr (4)
- Post-Mortem Analysis (4)
- Prometheus (4)
- Redhat (4)
- September 9Th 2015 (4)
- Sql2016 (4)
- Ssl (4)
- Terraform (4)
- Workflow (4)
- 2Fa (3)
- Alwayson (3)
- Amazon Relational Database Service (Rds) (3)
- Apache Kafka (3)
- Apexexport (3)
- Aurora (3)
- Azure Sql Db (3)
- Business Intelligence (3)
- Cdb (3)
- ChatGPT (3)
- Cloud Armor (3)
- Cloud Database (3)
- Cloud FinOps (3)
- Cloud Security (3)
- Cluster (3)
- Consul (3)
- Cosmos Db (3)
- Covid19 (3)
- Crontab (3)
- Data Analytics (3)
- Data Integration (3)
- Database 12C (3)
- Database Monitoring (3)
- Database Troubleshooting (3)
- Database Upgrade (3)
- Databases (3)
- Dataops (3)
- Dbt (3)
- Digital Transformation (3)
- ERP (3)
- Google Chrome (3)
- Google Cloud Sql (3)
- Graphite (3)
- Haproxy (3)
- Heterogeneous Database Migration (3)
- Hugepages (3)
- Inside Pythian (3)
- Installation (3)
- Json (3)
- Keras (3)
- Ldap (3)
- Liquibase (3)
- Love Letter (3)
- Lua (3)
- Mfa (3)
- Multitenant (3)
- Mysql 5.7 (3)
- Mysql Configuration (3)
- Nginx (3)
- Nodetool (3)
- Non-Tech Articles (3)
- Oem 13C (3)
- Oms (3)
- Oracle 18C (3)
- Oracle Data Guard (3)
- Oracle Live Sql (3)
- Oracle Rac (3)
- Patch (3)
- Perl (3)
- Pmm (3)
- Pt-Online-Schema-Change (3)
- Rdbms (3)
- Recommended (3)
- Remote Teams (3)
- Reporting (3)
- Reverse Proxy (3)
- S3 (3)
- Spark (3)
- Sql On The Edge (3)
- Sql Server Configuration (3)
- Sql Server On Linux (3)
- Ssis (3)
- Ssis Catalog (3)
- Stefan Knecht (3)
- Striim (3)
- Sysadmin (3)
- System Versioned (3)
- Systemd (3)
- Temporal Tables (3)
- Tensorflow (3)
- Tools (3)
- Tuning (3)
- Vasu Balla (3)
- Vault (3)
- Vulnerability (3)
- Waf (3)
- 18C (2)
- Adf (2)
- Adop (2)
- Agent (2)
- Agile (2)
- Amazon Data Migration Service (2)
- Amazon Ec2 (2)
- Amazon S3 (2)
- Apache Flink (2)
- Apple (2)
- Apps (2)
- Ashdump (2)
- Atp (2)
- Audit (2)
- Automatic Backups (2)
- Autonomous (2)
- Autoupgrade (2)
- Awr Data Mining (2)
- Azure Sql (2)
- Azure Sql Data Sync (2)
- Bash (2)
- Business (2)
- Caching (2)
- Cassandra Nodetool (2)
- Cdap (2)
- Certification (2)
- Cloning (2)
- Cloud Cost Optimization (2)
- Cloud Data Fusion (2)
- Cloud Hosting (2)
- Cloud Infrastructure (2)
- Cloud Shell (2)
- Cloud Sql (2)
- Cloudscape (2)
- Cluster Level Consistency (2)
- Conferences (2)
- Consul-Template (2)
- Containerization (2)
- Containers (2)
- Cosmosdb (2)
- Cost Management (2)
- Costs (2)
- Cql (2)
- Cqlsh (2)
- Cyber Security (2)
- Data Analysis (2)
- Data Discovery (2)
- Data Engineering (2)
- Data Migration (2)
- Data Modeling (2)
- Data Quality (2)
- Data Streaming (2)
- Data Warehouse (2)
- Database Consulting (2)
- Database Migrations (2)
- Dataguard (2)
- Datapump (2)
- Ddl (2)
- Debezium (2)
- Dictionary Views (2)
- Dms (2)
- Docker-Composer (2)
- Dr (2)
- Duplicate (2)
- Ecc (2)
- Elastic (2)
- Elastic Stack (2)
- Em12C (2)
- Encryption (2)
- Enterprise Data Platform (EDP) (2)
- Enterprise Manager (2)
- Etl (2)
- Events (2)
- Exachk (2)
- Filter Driver (2)
- Flume (2)
- Full Text Search (2)
- Galera (2)
- Gemini (2)
- General Purpose Ssd (2)
- Gh-Ost (2)
- Gke (2)
- Google Workspace (2)
- Hanganalyze (2)
- Hdfs (2)
- Health Check (2)
- Historical Trends (2)
- Incremental (2)
- Infiniband (2)
- Infrastructure As Code (2)
- Innodb Cluster (2)
- Innodb File Structure (2)
- Innodb Group Replication (2)
- Install (2)
- Internals (2)
- Java Web Start (2)
- Kibana (2)
- Log (2)
- Log4J (2)
- Logs (2)
- Memory (2)
- Merge Replication (2)
- Metrics (2)
- Mutex (2)
- MySQLShell (2)
- NLP (2)
- Neo4J (2)
- Node.Js (2)
- Nosql (2)
- November 11Th 2015 (2)
- Ntp (2)
- Oci Iam (2)
- Oem12C (2)
- Omspatcher (2)
- Opatchauto (2)
- Open Source Database (2)
- Operational Excellence (2)
- Oracle 11G (2)
- Oracle Datase (2)
- Oracle Extended Manager (Oem) (2)
- Oracle Flashback (2)
- Oracle Forms (2)
- Oracle Installation (2)
- Oracle Io Testing (2)
- Pdb (2)
- Podcast (2)
- Power Bi (2)
- Puppet (2)
- Pythian Europe (2)
- R12.2 (2)
- Redshift (2)
- Remote DBA (2)
- Remote Sre (2)
- SAP HANA Cloud (2)
- Sap Migration (2)
- Scale (2)
- Schema (2)
- September 30Th 2015 (2)
- September 3Rd 2015 (2)
- Shell (2)
- Simon Pane (2)
- Single Sign-On (2)
- Sql Server On Gke (2)
- Sqlplus (2)
- Sre (2)
- Ssis Catalog Error (2)
- Ssisdb (2)
- Standby (2)
- Statspack Mining (2)
- Systemstate Dump (2)
- Tablespace (2)
- Technical Training (2)
- Tempdb (2)
- Tfa (2)
- Throughput (2)
- Tls (2)
- Tombstones (2)
- Transactional Replication (2)
- User Groups (2)
- Vagrant (2)
- Variables (2)
- Virtual Machine (2)
- Virtual Machines (2)
- Virtualbox (2)
- Web Application Firewall (2)
- Webinars (2)
- X5 (2)
- scalability (2)
- //Build2019 (1)
- 11G (1)
- 12.1 (1)
- 12Cr1 (1)
- 12Cr2 (1)
- 18C Grid Installation (1)
- 2022 (1)
- 2022 Snowflake Summit (1)
- AI Platform (1)
- AI Summit (1)
- Actifio (1)
- Active Directory (1)
- Adaptive Hash Index (1)
- Adf Custom Email (1)
- Adobe Flash (1)
- Adrci (1)
- Advanced Data Services (1)
- Afd (1)
- After Logon Trigger (1)
- Ahf (1)
- Aix (1)
- Akka (1)
- Alloydb (1)
- Alter Table (1)
- Always On (1)
- Always On Listener (1)
- Alwayson With Gke (1)
- Amazon (1)
- Amazon Athena (1)
- Amazon Aurora Backtrack (1)
- Amazon Efs (1)
- Amazon Redshift (1)
- Amazon Sagemaker (1)
- Amazon Vpc Flow Logs (1)
- Amdu (1)
- Analysis (1)
- Analytical Models (1)
- Analyzing Bigquery Via Sheets (1)
- Anisble (1)
- Annual Mysql Community Dinner (1)
- Anthos (1)
- Apache (1)
- Apache Nifi (1)
- Apache Spark (1)
- Application Migration (1)
- Architect (1)
- Architecture (1)
- Ash (1)
- Asmlib (1)
- Atlas CLI (1)
- Audit In Postgres (1)
- Audit In Postgresql (1)
- Auto Failover (1)
- Auto Increment (1)
- Auto Index (1)
- Autoconfig (1)
- Automated Reports (1)
- Automl (1)
- Autostart (1)
- Awr Mining (1)
- Aws Glue (1)
- Aws Lake Formation (1)
- Aws Lambda (1)
- Azure Analysis Services (1)
- Azure Blob Storage (1)
- Azure Cognitive Search (1)
- Azure Data (1)
- Azure Data Lake (1)
- Azure Data Lake Analytics (1)
- Azure Data Lake Store (1)
- Azure Data Migration Service (1)
- Azure Dma (1)
- Azure Dms (1)
- Azure Document Intelligence (1)
- Azure Integration Runtime (1)
- Azure OpenAI (1)
- Azure Sql Data Warehouse (1)
- Azure Sql Dw (1)
- Azure Sql Managed Instance (1)
- Azure Vm (1)
- Backup For Sql Server (1)
- Bacpac (1)
- Bag (1)
- Bare Metal Solution (1)
- Batch Operation (1)
- Batches In Cassandra (1)
- Beats (1)
- Best Practice (1)
- Bi Publisher (1)
- Binary Logging (1)
- Bind Variables (1)
- Bitnami (1)
- Blob Storage Endpoint (1)
- Blockchain (1)
- Browsers (1)
- Btp Architecture (1)
- Btp Components (1)
- Buffer Pool (1)
- Bug (1)
- Bugs (1)
- Build 2019 Updates (1)
- Build Cassandra (1)
- Bundle Patch (1)
- Bushy Join (1)
- Business Continuity (1)
- Business Insights (1)
- Business Process Modelling (1)
- Business Reputation (1)
- CAPEX (1)
- Capacity Planning (1)
- Career (1)
- Career Development (1)
- Cassandra-Cli (1)
- Catcon.Pm (1)
- Catctl.Pl (1)
- Catupgrd.Sql (1)
- Cbo (1)
- Cdb Duplication (1)
- Certificate (1)
- Certificate Management (1)
- Chaos Engineering (1)
- Cheatsheet (1)
- Checkactivefilesandexecutables (1)
- Chmod (1)
- Chown (1)
- Chrome Enterprise (1)
- Chrome Security (1)
- Cl-Series (1)
- Cleanup (1)
- Cloud Browser (1)
- Cloud Build (1)
- Cloud Consulting (1)
- Cloud Data Warehouse (1)
- Cloud Database Management (1)
- Cloud Dataproc (1)
- Cloud Foundry (1)
- Cloud Manager (1)
- Cloud Migations (1)
- Cloud Networking (1)
- Cloud SQL Replica (1)
- Cloud Scheduler (1)
- Cloud Services (1)
- Cloud Strategies (1)
- Cloudformation (1)
- Cluster Resource (1)
- Cmo (1)
- Cockroach Db (1)
- Coding Benchmarks (1)
- Colab (1)
- Collectd (1)
- Columnar (1)
- Communication Plans (1)
- Community (1)
- Compact Storage (1)
- Compaction (1)
- Compliance (1)
- Compression (1)
- Compute Instances (1)
- Compute Node (1)
- Concurrent Manager (1)
- Concurrent Processing (1)
- Configuration (1)
- Consistency Level (1)
- Consolidation (1)
- Conversational AI (1)
- Covid-19 (1)
- Cpu Patching (1)
- Cqlsstablewriter (1)
- Crash (1)
- Create Catalog Error (1)
- Create_File_Dest (1)
- Credentials (1)
- Cross Platform (1)
- CrowdStrike (1)
- Crsctl (1)
- Custom Instance Images (1)
- Cve-2022-21500 (1)
- Cvu (1)
- Cypher Queries (1)
- DAX (1)
- DBSAT 3 (1)
- Dacpac (1)
- Dag (1)
- Data Analytics Platform (1)
- Data Box (1)
- Data Classification (1)
- Data Cleansing (1)
- Data Encryption (1)
- Data Estate (1)
- Data Flow Management (1)
- Data Insights (1)
- Data Integrity (1)
- Data Lake (1)
- Data Leader (1)
- Data Lifecycle Management (1)
- Data Lineage (1)
- Data Masking (1)
- Data Mesh (1)
- Data Migration Assistant (1)
- Data Migration Service (1)
- Data Mining (1)
- Data Monetization (1)
- Data Policy (1)
- Data Profiling (1)
- Data Protection (1)
- Data Retention (1)
- Data Safe (1)
- Data Sheets (1)
- Data Summit (1)
- Data Vault (1)
- Data Warehouse Modernization (1)
- Database Auditing (1)
- Database Consultant (1)
- Database Link (1)
- Database Modernization (1)
- Database Provisioning (1)
- Database Provisioning Failed (1)
- Database Replication (1)
- Database Scaling (1)
- Database Schemas (1)
- Database Security (1)
- Databricks (1)
- Datadog (1)
- Datafile (1)
- Datapatch (1)
- Dataprivacy (1)
- Datascape 59 (1)
- Datasets (1)
- Datastax Cassandra (1)
- Datastax Opscenter (1)
- Datasync Error (1)
- Db_Create_File_Dest (1)
- Dbaas (1)
- Dbatools (1)
- Dbcc Checkident (1)
- Dbms_Cloud (1)
- Dbms_File_Transfer (1)
- Dbms_Metadata (1)
- Dbms_Service (1)
- Dbms_Stats (1)
- Dbupgrade (1)
- Deep Learning (1)
- Delivery (1)
- Devd (1)
- Dgbroker (1)
- Dialogflow (1)
- Dict0Dict (1)
- Did You Know (1)
- Direct Path Read Temp (1)
- Disk Groups (1)
- Disk Management (1)
- Diskgroup (1)
- Dispatchers (1)
- Distributed Ag (1)
- Distribution Agent (1)
- Documentation (1)
- Download (1)
- Dp Agent (1)
- Duet AI (1)
- Duplication (1)
- Dynamic Sampling (1)
- Dynamic Tasks (1)
- E-Business Suite Cpu Patching (1)
- E-Business Suite Patching (1)
- Ebs Sso (1)
- Ec2 (1)
- Edb Postgresql Advanced Server (1)
- Edb Postgresql Password Verify Function (1)
- Editions (1)
- Edp (1)
- El Carro (1)
- Elassandra (1)
- Elk Stack (1)
- Em13Cr2 (1)
- Emcli (1)
- End of Life (1)
- Engineering (1)
- Enqueue (1)
- Enterprise (1)
- Enterprise Architecture (1)
- Enterprise Command Centers (1)
- Enterprise Manager Command Line Interface (Em Cli (1)
- Enterprise Plus (1)
- Episode 58 (1)
- Error Handling (1)
- Exacc (1)
- Exacheck (1)
- Exacs (1)
- Exadata Asr (1)
- Execution (1)
- Executive Sponsor (1)
- Expenditure (1)
- Export Sccm Collection To Csv (1)
- External Persistent Volumes (1)
- Fail (1)
- Failed Upgrade (1)
- Failover In Postgresql (1)
- Fall 2021 (1)
- Fast Recovery Area (1)
- Flash Recovery Area (1)
- Flashback (1)
- Fnd (1)
- Fndsm (1)
- Force_Matching_Signature (1)
- Fra Full (1)
- Framework (1)
- Freebsd (1)
- Fsync (1)
- Function-Based Index (1)
- GCVE Architecture (1)
- GPQA (1)
- Gaming (1)
- Garbagecollect (1)
- Gcp Compute (1)
- Gcp-Spanner (1)
- Geography (1)
- Geth (1)
- Getmospatch (1)
- Git (1)
- Global Analytics (1)
- Google Analytics (1)
- Google Cloud Architecture Framework (1)
- Google Cloud Data Services (1)
- Google Cloud Partner (1)
- Google Cloud Spanner (1)
- Google Cloud VMware Engine (1)
- Google Compute Engine (1)
- Google Dataflow (1)
- Google Datalab (1)
- Google Grab And Go (1)
- Google Sheets (1)
- Gp2 (1)
- Graph Algorithms (1)
- Graph Databases (1)
- Graph Inferences (1)
- Graph Theory (1)
- GraphQL (1)
- Graphical User Interface (Gui) (1)
- Grid (1)
- Grid Infrastructure (1)
- Griddisk Resize (1)
- Grp (1)
- Guaranteed Restore Point (1)
- Guid Mismatch (1)
- HR Technology (1)
- HRM (1)
- Ha (1)
- Hang (1)
- Hashicorp (1)
- Hbase (1)
- Hcc (1)
- Hdinsight (1)
- Healthcheck (1)
- Hemantgiri S. Goswami (1)
- Hortonworks (1)
- How To Install Ssrs (1)
- Hr (1)
- Httpchk (1)
- Https (1)
- Huge Pages (1)
- HumanEval (1)
- Hung Database (1)
- Hybrid Columnar Compression (1)
- Hyper-V (1)
- Hyperscale (1)
- Hypothesis Driven Development (1)
- Ibm (1)
- Identity Management (1)
- Idm (1)
- Ilom (1)
- Imageinfo (1)
- Impdp (1)
- In Place Upgrade (1)
- Incident Response (1)
- Indempotent (1)
- Indexing In Mongodb (1)
- Influxdb (1)
- Information (1)
- Infrastructure As A Code (1)
- Injection (1)
- Innobackupex (1)
- Innodb Concurrency (1)
- Innodb Flush Method (1)
- Insights (1)
- Installing (1)
- Instance Cloning (1)
- Integration Services (1)
- Integrations (1)
- Interactive_Timeout (1)
- Interval Partitioning (1)
- Invisible Indexes (1)
- Io1 (1)
- IoT (1)
- Iops (1)
- Iphone (1)
- Ipv6 (1)
- Iscsi (1)
- Iscsi-Initiator-Utils (1)
- Iscsiadm (1)
- Issues (1)
- It Industry (1)
- It Teams (1)
- JMX Metrics (1)
- Jared Still (1)
- Javascript (1)
- Jdbc (1)
- Jinja2 (1)
- Jmx (1)
- Jmx Monitoring (1)
- Jvm (1)
- Jython (1)
- K8S (1)
- Kernel (1)
- Key Btp Components (1)
- Kfed (1)
- Kill Sessions (1)
- Knapsack (1)
- Kubeflow (1)
- LMSYS Chatbot Arena (1)
- Large Pages (1)
- Latency (1)
- Latest News (1)
- Leadership (1)
- Leap Second (1)
- Limits (1)
- Line 1 (1)
- Linkcolumn (1)
- Linux Host Monitoring (1)
- Linux Storage Appliance (1)
- Listener (1)
- Loadavg (1)
- Lock_Sga (1)
- Locks (1)
- Log File Switch (Archiving Needed) (1)
- Logfile (1)
- Looker (1)
- Lvm (1)
- MMLU (1)
- Managed Instance (1)
- Managed Services (1)
- Management (1)
- Management Servers (1)
- Marketing (1)
- Marketing Analytics (1)
- Martech (1)
- Masking (1)
- Megha Bedi (1)
- Metadata (1)
- Method-R Workbench (1)
- Metric (1)
- Metric Extensions (1)
- Michelle Gutzait (1)
- Microservices (1)
- Microsoft Azure Sql Database (1)
- Microsoft Build (1)
- Microsoft Build 2019 (1)
- Microsoft Ignite (1)
- Microsoft Inspire 2019 (1)
- Migrate (1)
- Migrating Ssis Catalog (1)
- Migrating To Azure Sql (1)
- Migration Checklist (1)
- Mirroring (1)
- Mismatch (1)
- Model Governance (1)
- Monetization (1)
- MongoDB Atlas (1)
- MongoDB Compass (1)
- Ms Excel (1)
- Msdtc (1)
- Msdtc In Always On (1)
- Msdtc In Cluster (1)
- Multi-IP (1)
- Multicast (1)
- Multipath (1)
- My.Cnf (1)
- MySQL Shell Logical Backup (1)
- MySQLDump (1)
- Mysql Enterprise (1)
- Mysql Plugin For Oracle Enterprise Manager (1)
- Mysql Replication Filters (1)
- Mysql Server (1)
- Mysql-Python (1)
- Nagios (1)
- Ndb (1)
- Net_Read_Timeout (1)
- Net_Write_Timeout (1)
- Netcat (1)
- Newsroom (1)
- Nfs (1)
- Nifi (1)
- Node (1)
- November 10Th 2015 (1)
- November 6Th 2015 (1)
- Null Columns (1)
- Nullipotent (1)
- OPEX (1)
- ORAPKI (1)
- O_Direct (1)
- Oacore (1)
- October 21St 2015 (1)
- October 6Th 2015 (1)
- October 8Th 2015 (1)
- Oda (1)
- Odbcs (1)
- Odbs (1)
- Odi (1)
- Oel (1)
- Ohs (1)
- Olvm (1)
- On-Prem To Azure Sql (1)
- On-Premises (1)
- Onclick (1)
- Open.Canada.Ca (1)
- Openstack (1)
- Operating System Monitoring (1)
- Oplog (1)
- Opsworks (1)
- Optimization (1)
- Optimizer (1)
- Ora-01852 (1)
- Ora-7445 (1)
- Oracle 19 (1)
- Oracle 20C (1)
- Oracle Cursor (1)
- Oracle Database 12.2 (1)
- Oracle Database Appliance (1)
- Oracle Database Se2 (1)
- Oracle Database Standard Edition 2 (1)
- Oracle Database Upgrade (1)
- Oracle Database@Google Cloud (1)
- Oracle Exadata Smart Scan (1)
- Oracle Licensing (1)
- Oracle Linux Virtualization Manager (1)
- Oracle Oda (1)
- Oracle Openworld (1)
- Oracle Parallelism (1)
- Oracle Rdbms (1)
- Oracle Real Application Clusters (1)
- Oracle Reports (1)
- Oracle Security (1)
- Oracle Wallet (1)
- Orasrp (1)
- Organizational Change (1)
- Orion (1)
- Os (1)
- Osbws_Install.Jar (1)
- Oui Gui (1)
- Output (1)
- Owox (1)
- Paas (1)
- Package Deployment Wizard Error (1)
- Parallel Execution (1)
- Parallel Query (1)
- Parallel Query Downgrade (1)
- Partitioning (1)
- Partitions (1)
- Password (1)
- Password Change (1)
- Password Recovery (1)
- Password Verify Function In Postgresql (1)
- Patches (1)
- Patchmgr (1)
- Pdb Duplication (1)
- Penalty (1)
- Perfomrance (1)
- Performance Schema (1)
- Pg 15 (1)
- Pg_Rewind (1)
- Pga (1)
- Pipeline Debugging (1)
- Pivot (1)
- Planning (1)
- Plsql (1)
- Policy (1)
- Polybase (1)
- Post-Acquisition (1)
- Post-Covid It (1)
- Postgresql Complex Password (1)
- Postgresql With Repmgr Integration (1)
- Pq (1)
- Preliminar Connection (1)
- Preliminary Connection (1)
- Privatecloud (1)
- Process Mining (1)
- Production (1)
- Productivity (1)
- Profile In Edb Postgresql (1)
- Programming (1)
- Prompt Engineering (1)
- Provisioned Iops (1)
- Provisiones Iops (1)
- Proxy Monitoring (1)
- Psu (1)
- Public Cloud (1)
- Pubsub (1)
- Purge (1)
- Purge Thread (1)
- Pythian Blackbird Acquisition (1)
- Pythian Goodies (1)
- Pythian News (1)
- Python Pandas (1)
- Query Performance (1)
- Quicksight (1)
- Quota Limits (1)
- R12 R12.2 Cp Concurrent Processing Abort (1)
- R12.1.3 (1)
- REF! (1)
- Ram Cache (1)
- Rbac (1)
- Rdb (1)
- Rds_File_Util (1)
- Read Free Replication (1)
- Read Latency (1)
- Read Only (1)
- Read Replica (1)
- Reboot (1)
- Recruiting (1)
- Redo Size (1)
- Relational Database Management System (1)
- Release (1)
- Release Automation (1)
- Repair (1)
- Replication Compatibility (1)
- Replication Error (1)
- Repmgr (1)
- Repmgrd (1)
- Reporting Services 2019 (1)
- Resiliency Planning (1)
- Resource Manager (1)
- Resources (1)
- Restore (1)
- Restore Point (1)
- Retail (1)
- Rhel (1)
- Risk (1)
- Risk Management (1)
- Rocksrb (1)
- Role In Postgresql (1)
- Rollback (1)
- Rolling Patch (1)
- Row0Purge (1)
- Rpm (1)
- Rule "Existing Clustered Or Clustered-Prepared In (1)
- Running Discovery On Remote Machine (1)
- SAP (1)
- SQL Optimization (1)
- SQL Tracing (1)
- SSRS Administration (1)
- SaaS (1)
- Sap Assessment (1)
- Sap Assessment Report (1)
- Sap Backup Restore (1)
- Sap Btp Architecture (1)
- Sap Btp Benefits (1)
- Sap Btp Model (1)
- Sap Btp Services (1)
- Sap Homogenous System Copy Method (1)
- Sap Landscape Copy (1)
- Sap Migration Assessment (1)
- Sap On Mssql (1)
- Sap System Copy (1)
- Sar (1)
- Scaling Ir (1)
- Sccm (1)
- Sccm Powershell (1)
- Scheduler (1)
- Scheduler_Job (1)
- Schedulers (1)
- Scheduling (1)
- Scott Mccormick (1)
- Scripts (1)
- Sdp (1)
- Secrets (1)
- Securing Sql Server (1)
- Security Compliance (1)
- Sed (Stream Editor) (1)
- Self Hosted Ir (1)
- Semaphore (1)
- Seps (1)
- September 11Th 2015 (1)
- Serverless Computing (1)
- Serverless Framework (1)
- Service Broker (1)
- Service Bus (1)
- Shared Connections (1)
- Shared Storage (1)
- Shellshock (1)
- Signals (1)
- Silent (1)
- Slave (1)
- Slob (1)
- Smart Scan (1)
- Smtp (1)
- Snapshot (1)
- Snowday Fall 2021 (1)
- Socat (1)
- Software Development (1)
- Software Engineering (1)
- Solutions Architecture (1)
- Spanner-Backups (1)
- Sphinx (1)
- Split Brain In Postgresql (1)
- Spm (1)
- Sql Agent (1)
- Sql Backup To Url Error (1)
- Sql Cluster Installer Hang (1)
- Sql Database (1)
- Sql Developer (1)
- Sql On Linux (1)
- Sql Server 2014 (1)
- Sql Server 2016 (1)
- Sql Server Agent On Linux (1)
- Sql Server Backups (1)
- Sql Server Denali Is Required To Install Integrat (1)
- Sql Server Health Check (1)
- Sql Server Troubleshooting On Linux (1)
- Sql Server Version (1)
- Sql Setup (1)
- Sql Vm (1)
- Sql2K19Ongke (1)
- Sqldatabase Serverless (1)
- Ssh User Equivalence (1)
- Ssis Denali Error (1)
- Ssis Install Error E Xisting Clustered Or Cluster (1)
- Ssis Package Deployment Error (1)
- Ssisdb Master Key (1)
- Ssisdb Restore Error (1)
- Sso (1)
- Ssrs 2019 (1)
- Sstable2Json (1)
- Sstableloader (1)
- Sstablesimpleunsortedwriter (1)
- Stack Dump (1)
- Standard Edition (1)
- Startup Process (1)
- Statistics (1)
- Statspack (1)
- Statspack Data Mining (1)
- Statspack Erroneously Reporting (1)
- Statspack Issues (1)
- Storage (1)
- Stored Procedure (1)
- Strategies (1)
- Streaming (1)
- Sunos (1)
- Swap (1)
- Swapping (1)
- Switch (1)
- Syft (1)
- Synapse (1)
- Sync Failed There Is Not Enough Space On The Disk (1)
- Sys Schema (1)
- System Function (1)
- Systems Administration (1)
- T-Sql (1)
- Table Optimization (1)
- Tablespace Growth (1)
- Tablespaces (1)
- Tags (1)
- Tar (1)
- Tde (1)
- Team Management (1)
- Tech Debt (1)
- Technology (1)
- Telegraf (1)
- Tempdb Encryption (1)
- Templates (1)
- Temporary Tablespace (1)
- Tenserflow (1)
- Teradata (1)
- Testing New Cassandra Builds (1)
- There Is Not Enough Space On The Disk (1)
- Thick Data (1)
- Third-Party Data (1)
- Thrift (1)
- Thrift Data (1)
- Tidb (1)
- Time Series (1)
- Time-Drift (1)
- Tkprof (1)
- Tmux (1)
- Tns (1)
- Trace (1)
- Tracefile (1)
- Training (1)
- Transaction Log (1)
- Transactions (1)
- Transformation Navigator (1)
- Transparent Data Encryption (1)
- Trigger (1)
- Triggers On Memory-Optimized Tables Must Use With (1)
- Troubleshooting (1)
- Tungsten (1)
- Tvdxtat (1)
- Twitter (1)
- U-Sql (1)
- UNDO Tablespace (1)
- Upgrade Issues (1)
- Uptime (1)
- Uptrade (1)
- Url Backup Error (1)
- Usability (1)
- Use Cases (1)
- User (1)
- User Defined Compactions (1)
- Utilization (1)
- Utl_Smtp (1)
- VDI Jump Host (1)
- Validate Structure (1)
- Validate_Credentials (1)
- Value (1)
- Velocity (1)
- Vertex AI (1)
- Vertica (1)
- Vertical Slicing (1)
- Videos (1)
- Virtual Private Cloud (1)
- Virtualization (1)
- Vision (1)
- Vpn (1)
- Wait_Timeout (1)
- Wallet (1)
- Webhook (1)
- Weblogic Connection Filters (1)
- Webscale Database (1)
- Windows 10 (1)
- Windows Powershell (1)
- WiredTiger (1)
- With Native_Compilation (1)
- Word (1)
- Workshop (1)
- Workspace Security (1)
- Xbstream (1)
- Xml Publisher (1)
- Zabbix (1)
- dbms_Monitor (1)
- postgresql 16 (1)
- sqltrace (1)
- tracing (1)
- vSphere (1)
- xml (1)
- December 2024 (1)
- October 2024 (2)
- September 2024 (7)
- August 2024 (4)
- July 2024 (2)
- June 2024 (6)
- May 2024 (3)
- April 2024 (2)
- February 2024 (1)
- January 2024 (11)
- December 2023 (10)
- November 2023 (11)
- October 2023 (10)
- September 2023 (8)
- August 2023 (6)
- July 2023 (2)
- June 2023 (13)
- May 2023 (4)
- April 2023 (6)
- March 2023 (10)
- February 2023 (6)
- January 2023 (5)
- December 2022 (10)
- November 2022 (10)
- October 2022 (10)
- September 2022 (13)
- August 2022 (16)
- July 2022 (12)
- June 2022 (13)
- May 2022 (11)
- April 2022 (4)
- March 2022 (5)
- February 2022 (4)
- January 2022 (14)
- December 2021 (16)
- November 2021 (11)
- October 2021 (6)
- September 2021 (11)
- August 2021 (6)
- July 2021 (9)
- June 2021 (4)
- May 2021 (8)
- April 2021 (16)
- March 2021 (16)
- February 2021 (6)
- January 2021 (12)
- December 2020 (12)
- November 2020 (17)
- October 2020 (11)
- September 2020 (10)
- August 2020 (11)
- July 2020 (13)
- June 2020 (6)
- May 2020 (9)
- April 2020 (18)
- March 2020 (21)
- February 2020 (13)
- January 2020 (15)
- December 2019 (10)
- November 2019 (11)
- October 2019 (12)
- September 2019 (16)
- August 2019 (15)
- July 2019 (10)
- June 2019 (16)
- May 2019 (20)
- April 2019 (21)
- March 2019 (14)
- February 2019 (18)
- January 2019 (18)
- December 2018 (5)
- November 2018 (16)
- October 2018 (12)
- September 2018 (20)
- August 2018 (27)
- July 2018 (31)
- June 2018 (34)
- May 2018 (28)
- April 2018 (27)
- March 2018 (17)
- February 2018 (8)
- January 2018 (20)
- December 2017 (14)
- November 2017 (4)
- October 2017 (1)
- September 2017 (3)
- August 2017 (5)
- July 2017 (4)
- June 2017 (2)
- May 2017 (7)
- April 2017 (7)
- March 2017 (8)
- February 2017 (8)
- January 2017 (5)
- December 2016 (3)
- November 2016 (4)
- October 2016 (8)
- September 2016 (9)
- August 2016 (10)
- July 2016 (9)
- June 2016 (8)
- May 2016 (13)
- April 2016 (16)
- March 2016 (13)
- February 2016 (11)
- January 2016 (6)
- December 2015 (11)
- November 2015 (11)
- October 2015 (5)
- September 2015 (16)
- August 2015 (4)
- July 2015 (1)
- June 2015 (3)
- May 2015 (6)
- April 2015 (5)
- March 2015 (5)
- February 2015 (4)
- January 2015 (3)
- December 2014 (7)
- October 2014 (4)
- September 2014 (6)
- August 2014 (6)
- July 2014 (16)
- June 2014 (7)
- May 2014 (6)
- April 2014 (5)
- March 2014 (4)
- February 2014 (10)
- January 2014 (6)
- December 2013 (8)
- November 2013 (12)
- October 2013 (9)
- September 2013 (6)
- August 2013 (7)
- July 2013 (9)
- June 2013 (7)
- May 2013 (7)
- April 2013 (4)
- March 2013 (7)
- February 2013 (4)
- January 2013 (4)
- December 2012 (6)
- November 2012 (8)
- October 2012 (9)
- September 2012 (3)
- August 2012 (5)
- July 2012 (5)
- June 2012 (7)
- May 2012 (11)
- April 2012 (1)
- March 2012 (8)
- February 2012 (1)
- January 2012 (6)
- December 2011 (8)
- November 2011 (5)
- October 2011 (9)
- September 2011 (6)
- August 2011 (4)
- July 2011 (1)
- June 2011 (1)
- May 2011 (5)
- April 2011 (2)
- February 2011 (2)
- January 2011 (2)
- December 2010 (1)
- November 2010 (7)
- October 2010 (3)
- September 2010 (8)
- August 2010 (2)
- July 2010 (4)
- June 2010 (7)
- May 2010 (2)
- April 2010 (1)
- March 2010 (3)
- February 2010 (3)
- January 2010 (2)
- November 2009 (6)
- October 2009 (6)
- August 2009 (3)
- July 2009 (3)
- June 2009 (3)
- May 2009 (2)
- April 2009 (8)
- March 2009 (6)
- February 2009 (4)
- January 2009 (3)
- November 2008 (3)
- October 2008 (7)
- September 2008 (6)
- August 2008 (9)
- July 2008 (9)
- June 2008 (9)
- May 2008 (9)
- April 2008 (8)
- March 2008 (4)
- February 2008 (3)
- January 2008 (3)
- December 2007 (2)
- November 2007 (7)
- October 2007 (1)
- August 2007 (4)
- July 2007 (3)
- June 2007 (8)
- May 2007 (4)
- April 2007 (2)
- March 2007 (2)
- February 2007 (5)
- January 2007 (8)
- December 2006 (1)
- November 2006 (3)
- October 2006 (4)
- September 2006 (3)
- July 2006 (1)
- May 2006 (2)
- April 2006 (1)
- July 2005 (1)
No Comments Yet
Let us know what you think